The separation of phenolic extracts of different pomelo and grapefruit cultivars was conducted on a Thermo Scientific Dionex UltiMate 3000 UHPLC (Tempe, Arizona, USA) with a Waters HSS C18 column (1.8 μm, 2.1 × 100 mm, MA, USA). In order to clarify the varietal differences of pomelo pulp in flavonoid profiles and bioactivity, 5 representative pomelo cultivars together with a grapefruit cultivar commonly consumed in China were analyzed in the present study to determine their compositions and contents of flavonoids in the pulp and to compare their differences in antioxidant activity and inhibitory activity to α-amylase, α-glucosidase and pancreatic lipase. The differences in antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory activity of flavonoids from different pomelo pulp are still unknown. Previous studies showed that the flavonoid extracts of citrus peels ( Huang et al., 2020) or the digesta of citrus fruits ( Sun, Tao, Huang, Ye and Sun, 2019) exhibited CAA activity and pancreatic lipase inhibitory activity. The bioactivities of flavonoids are closely related to their molecular structure ( Liu et al., 2017, Salahuddin et al., 2020, Su et al., 2014). Therefore, it is necessary to further analyze the compositions and contents of flavonoids among different pomelo cultivars.Īntioxidant activity and digestive enzymes (pancreatic lipase, α-amylase and α-glucosidase) inhibitory effects are the important effects of flavonoids, which account for their many health benefits. Furthermore, the distribution of the 6 newly isolated flavonoids from Shatianyu in different pomelo cultivars remains to be explored. These different results from our lab and others indicated that the flavonoid profiles in pomelo pulp might have varietal difference. Besides, the main flavonoid we isolated from Shatianyu pulp was melitidin ( Deng et al., 2021). In our previous study, we isolated 4 new flavonoids (cigranoside C, D, E, F), together with 2 firstly reported flavonoids (neoeriocitrin and bergamjuicin) in pomelo. (2014) revealed that naringin was the predominant flavonoid in pomelo, while naringin and neohesperidin were the predominant flavonoids in grapefruits. (2013) detected 6 flavonoids, including naringin, naringenin, hesperidin, hesperetin, dihydrochalcone and neohesperidin, in the pulp of pomelo cultivars from Thailand and found that naringin was their main flavonoid. maxima Burm) mainly distributed in South Africa and the European Union, is also highly appreciated by Chinese consumers.Įarlier studies have preliminarily revealed the flavonoid profiles of the pulp of pomelo and grapefruit. paradise Mcfad), a hybrid of sweet orange ( C. Guanximiyu, Shatianyu, Liangpingyu and Yuhuanyu are representative pomelo cultivars in China ( Zhang et al., 2011). Pomelo ( Citrus grandis (L.) Osbeck) is a kind of Citrus fruits and cultivated widely in southern China. Citrus fruits, greatly popular in the word, are abundant in flavonoids, especially flavanones in aglycone or glycoside forms ( Khan and Dangles, 2014, Lu et al., 2020). Thus, pomelo and grapefruit are natural antioxidants and possess anti-obesity potential.įlavonoids are the most common group of polyphenols in fruits and can contribute to reducing the risk of many chronic diseases, such as metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular diseases, possibly due to their antioxidant activity and digestive enzyme inhibitory activity ( Liu, 2003, Sun et al., 2019, Wu et al., 2017, Zhu et al., 2014). Pomelo and grapefruit showed strong antioxidant activity, and were potent inhibitors of pancreatic lipase with IC 50 values of 11.4–72.6 mg fruit/mL except Shatianyu. Naringin and cigranoside C were the major flavonoids in grapefruit, Guanximiyu-W, Guanximiyu-R and Liangpingyu, while melitidin and rhoifolin was the predominant flavonoid in Shatianyu and Yuhuanyu, respectively. Fourteen flavonoids were identified, cigranoside C, D, E were detected in these pomelo and grapefruit.
Therefore, the flavonoid profiles and in vitro bioactivity of the pulp from 5 pomelo and 1 grapefruit cultivars commonly consumed in China were investigated. However, their distribution in different pomelo cultivars remains to be explored. We previously isolated 4 new flavonoids, cigranoside C, D, E, F, in Citrus grandis Shatianyu pulp. Previous results indicated that the flavonoid profiles might have varietal differences in pomelo, but detailed information is unknown.
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